Journal: ACS Omega
Article Title: Effects of Polystyrene Microplastics on Human Kidney and Liver Cell Morphology, Cellular Proliferation, and Metabolism
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03453
Figure Lengend Snippet: Confocal microscopy images of [A(1)] untreated HEK293 culture and [B(1–3),C(1–3)] 1 μm green-fluorescent polystyrene microplastic particle-treated cultures. HEK 293 kidney cells were exposed to 5 μg/mL 1 μm green-fluorescent PS-MPs for 72 h before fixation. Then, the HEK 293 cells were stained with a wheat germ agglutinin 594 conjugate plasma membrane stain (red) and a nuclear stain DAPI (blue). Panels [A(1)–C(1)] are top-down composites of images in a Z-stack. The internalization of the microplastic is shown in the ortho YZ plane {the green box at the right edge of [A(1),B(1),C(1)]} and the XZ plane {the yellow box at the bottom of [A(1),B(1),C(1)]}. The white arrows indicate microplastic particles inside the cells. White axes from the particle of interest are drawn to the XZ and YZ panels on the sides and point out the dimension of the cell that is seen in the top-down view. Panels [B(2),C(2)] show 3-D top view angles of [B(1),C(1)] images, respectively. Panels [B(3),C(3)] show the 3-D side view angles of [B(1),C(1)] images, respectively. These images were taken at 1000× magnification. Scale bar: 10 μm.
Article Snippet: The plain and the green-fluorescent polystyrene microspheres (PS-MPs) of size 1 μm were purchased from Degradex (Phosphorex).
Techniques: Confocal Microscopy, Staining